Michelson-type interferometer operating at effects of first order with respect to v/c. (V.V.Demjanov) (2010) (pdf)

More than hundred years the opinion persists that Michelson interferometer can not detect aether wind by effects of first order with respect to the ratio υ / c . Below there will be shown that the degenerations of the interferometer’s sensitivity to effects of first order can be lifted changing the traditional configurations of the device. My experiment demonstrated that a two-media device operating at effects of first order can reliably measure the shift of the interference fringe (and thus the speed of “aether wind”), and much more successfully than by Michelson interferometer operating at effects of second order.

Michelson Interferometer Operating at Effects of First Order with Respect to v/c (the third method of measuring the speed of "aether wind"). (V.V.Demjanov) (2010)

In the first version of this paper (arXiv: 1003.2899v1, 15.03.2010) there is described first, traditional method of measuring the non-zero shift of interference fringe in the Michelson interferometer, operating on the effects of second order with respect to v/c, and are revealed hidden causes of the failure to measure the shift of interference fringe in the period from 1881 till 1960. It is shown that at the latitude of Obninsk within a 24-hour observation period the horizontal projection of aether wind velocity varies from 140 km/s to 480 km/s. The second version of this paper (arXiv: 1003.2899v2, 15.04.2010) is supplemented with a second method of finding the velocity of the aether wind -- through measuring the largest seasonal decrease in the ratio of the summer shift of the interference fringe to the winter one (equaled ~12%). It gave the same interval of values of the projections of the aether wind velocity as the first method. More than hundred years there persists a belief that Michelson-type interferometer can not be adjusted such as to detect effects of the first order with respect to v/c. Below I show that it is possible, and more successfully than on the interferometer of the second order. In contrast to the traditional approach, in the interferometer of the first order the light after splitting on a semi-transparent plate propagates in both arms to the reflecting mirrors in one optical medium, and returns after reflection from the mirrors through another optical medium. The shift of the interference fringe was found to be proportional to the difference of dielectric permittivities of these media. The horizontal projection of the Earth's velocity relative to luminiferous aether measured by the first order interferometer agrees with that found by the first two methods.

Physical interpretation of the fringe shift measured on Michelson interferometer in optical media. (V.V.Demjanov) (2011)

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I have found experimentally that in vacuum (refractive index n = 1) the shift of interference fringe in Michelson interferometer is absent because of the absence of particles on the light path. The shift of interference fringe appears only at a certain concentration of particles in the luminiferous medium. The increase of the remnant air pressure in the optical tubes of the interferometer (of the length 6 m in each arm) from 1 mm Hg to 1500 mm Hg reveals first indications of the interference fringe shift (about 0.015 of its width) only at the air pressure 300 mm Hg (n = 1.00014...). The increase of the air pressure in optical tubes up to 760 mm Hg (n = 1.0003...) adds twice the amplitude of the harmonic shift of the interference fringe giving ~0.03, and at the pressure 1500 mm Hg the harmonic fringe shift ~0.06 became conspicuous. The S-shaped with the change of sign dependence of the fringe shift on the index of refraction n was found. Thus the estimation of the horizontal projection of the velocity of the Earth relative to aether is obtained. At the latitude of Obninsk this velocity varies depending on the time of day and night within 140-480 km/s. The forth version of the report is complemented with the account of the harmful effect on registering the shift ΔXm of the interference fringe of the improperly installed in turning-points of the zigzag light path glass mirrors. The nullifying of the shift in air interferometers may occur because of opposite signs of contributions of the air and glass optical media through the discovered by me law ΔXm∼lΔϵ(1−Δϵ). This may be the cause of obtaining negative results in majority of Michelson-type experiments known to date.

What and how does a Michelson interferometer measure? (V.V.Demjanov) (2011)

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Michelson interferometer is a very complicated and capricious instrument. Even more mysterious and difficult is to understand the nature of electrodynamic phenomena in moving media, which was studied by rotating the interferometer with two orthogonal coherent beams. Its idea was proposed, as is known, by Maxwell. Undertaking in 1881 the implementation of this idea, Michelson (since then the interferometer bears his name) assumed that the interferometer can measure the shift of the interference fringe when you turn the interferometer in vacuum, in the absence of media in zones of propagation of rays. Not at once there have been comprehended (after 1881 the misunderstanding lasted almost 90 years) that the shift of interference fringe in the Michelson interferometer is absent in vacuum and arises only when light's carriers have the refractive index (n) exceeding unity (n>1). Until now many believe that all known experiments on Michelson interferometer are "negative" conceding the official point of view in SRT that in rotating the interferometer the harmonic shift of the interference fringe is always absent, and fringe shifts observed by some experimenters allegedly are random or systematic errors of the device. In 1968-1975 years I proved experimentally that about 100 years sought for shift of interference fringe when turning interferometer really exists, confidently detecting the absolute motion of the Earth relative to aether at a speed of several hundred km/sec. But this has required that processes in the interferometer to be anew and correctly interpreted and be capable to properly extract the main interference process out of the noise and disturbances.

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Compatibility of non-negative experiments of Michelson-Morley with the Lorentz-invariant transformations of the light speed in moving optical media. (V.V. Demyanov) (2011 (pdf, in Russian)

More than hundred years the opinion persists that Michelson interferometer can not detect aether wind by effects of first order with respect to the ratio υ / c . Below there will be shown that the degenerations of the interferometer’s sensitivity to effects of first order can be lifted changing the traditional configurations of the device. My experiment demonstrated that a two-media device operating at effects of first order can reliably measure the shift of the interference fringe (and thus the speed of “aether wind”), and much more successfully than by Michelson interferometer operating at effects of second order.

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